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Fungal isolates
Fungal isolates have been researched for decades. Because fungi often exist in thin mycelial monolayers, with no protective shell, immune system, and limited mobility, they have developed the ability to synthesize a variety of unusual compounds for survival. Researchers have discovered fungal isolates with anticancer, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and other bio-active properties. The first statins, β-Lactam antibiotics, as well as a few important antifungals, were discovered in fungi.
==Chemotherapeutic isolates==
BMS manufactures paclitaxel using ''Penicillium'' and plant cell fermentation. Fungi can synthesize podophyllotoxin and camptothecin, precursors to etoposide, teniposide, topotecan, and irinotecan.
Lentinan, PSK, and PSP, are registered anticancer immunologic adjuvants. Irofulven and acylfulvene are anticancer derivatives of illudin S. Clavaric acid is a reversible farnesyltransferase inhibitor. ''Inonotus obliquus'' creates betulinic acid precursor betulin. ''Flammulina velutipes'' creates asparaginase. Plinabulin is a fungal isolate derivative currently being researched for anticancer applications.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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